8月23日的托福考试结束啦~
这次考试不少同学反馈：
口语思路基本能够套用
并且原题超多
上午场与下午场
写作重复出题
快来看看本场托福考情回顾吧👇
01、阅读部分
第一套
R1
Polar Dinosaurs 极地恐龙
第一段：
恐龙并非只生活在热带，而是像现代鸟类和哺乳动物一样适应多种环境。极地恐龙很可能具有温血和羽毛，生活在7000万至1亿年前的极地森林中。西伯利亚堪察加半岛发现的恐龙化石证明，白垩纪末期这里存在多种恐龙物种。
第二段：
这些发现对理解恐龙灭绝很重要。虽然当时北极圈气候寒冷（年均温10°C，有冰冻期和极夜），但发现的恐龙蛋壳证明它们全年在此生活繁殖，而非季节性迁徙。
第三段：
尽管有观点认为全球变冷导致恐龙衰退，但极地恐龙群落在严寒中依然繁荣。植食恐龙以常绿植物和夏季极昼期快速生长的植物为食。
第四段：
研究首次证实恐龙能在极地繁殖生存，它们很可能是温血动物，其多样性不亚于热带地区。
第五段：
证据支持小行星撞击导致恐龙快速灭绝的观点：撞击后尘埃遮蔽阳光，植物死亡，食物链崩溃。
第六段：
恐龙灭绝原因仍是谜，但西伯利亚的新发现显示该地区化石资源丰富，为研究提供新线索。
R2
Ancient Egyptian Writing 古埃及文字
第一段：
古埃及象形文字直到罗塞塔石碑的发现才被破译。这块深灰色石碑于1799年由拿破仑士兵在埃及罗塞塔地区偶然发掘。石碑的特殊性在于用三种文字刻写同一文本：顶部的正式象形文字、中部的民间通俗体文字和底部的官方希腊文。当石碑从神庙墙壁坠落时，其底部保留了足够的希腊文与埃及文对照内容。1822年，法国学者商博良借助希腊文最终破译了象形文字，开启了埃及文明研究的新纪元。
第二段：
罗塞塔石碑展示了文字发展的两个方向：正式仪式用字体和日常手写体。埃及人发展了称为"祭司体"的草书字体，这种流畅的线性文字自然适应了芦苇笔在纸莎草纸上的书写特性。公元前1200年书记官伊内纳抄写的诗歌手稿体现了这种草书体的活力——象形符号
不再孤立存在，而是连笔书写甚至简化为新符号，墨迹走势显示书写者既快速又保持基线整齐。
第三段：
伊内纳用红墨水分隔章节和标点，并采用从右向左的书写方向。虽然这种方向不利于右手在纸莎草上书写（易蹭花墨迹），却成为埃及书写的主流方向。不过书写方向并非绝对，在墓葬和装饰性纸莎草卷中，文字也会采用从左向右或纵向排列的方式以适应整体设计需求。
R3
Landscape and climate 景观与气候
直到最近，一个影响气候变化的因素才被相对忽视：景观（一个区域可见的地貌特征）的作用。地球表面对气候的深远影响在那些拥有广阔单一土地覆盖类型的区域表现得最为明显。例如，沙漠地区在白昼气温较高，这是因为缺乏植被覆盖来提供遮荫，以及土壤水分不足无法通过蒸发来冷却空气。
尽管热带雨林在赤道纬度接收的太阳能更多，但由于拥有大量水分，它们在白天的温度远低于大多数沙漠环境。在这两种极端情况下，主导的环境条件并非温室气体浓度的区域差异所致，而是反映了地表特性对气候的强大影响。景观对气候的影响在佛罗里达州也得到了证实。20世纪之前，该州南部近一半的土地是不适合作物生产的湿地。
下午场
R1
Modern Inuit Commercial Arts现代因纽特商业艺术
第一段：
因纽特商业艺术始于19世纪后期欧美博物馆的征集活动，阿拉斯加淘金热进一步推动市场形成。在传教士与政府鼓励下，因纽特人开始制作传统工艺品销售。
第二段：
最具代表性的图皮拉克雕像、鲸须篮和驯鹿皮面具都是为市场创作的旅游艺术品，但均保持文化真实性。这些作品通过材料与纹样展现当代因纽特文化。
第三段：
图皮拉克雕像是格陵兰因纽特人用动物牙骨雕刻的怪异造型作品，最初为帮助欧洲人理解传说形象而特制，后期为迎合市场变得愈加狰狞。
第四段：
鲸须篮是1915年因纽皮特人应商人要求，用鲸须仿制柳条篮的创新工艺品，1930年代毛皮市场崩溃后成为重要收入来源。
第五段：
驯鹿皮面具是1951年两位猎人为圣诞庆典制作的表演道具，完全脱离宗教传统，数年后因市场需求发展成商业产品。
R2
Class Structures in Postwar Europe 战后欧洲的阶级结构
第一段：
二战后欧洲经济快速增长，社会流动性增强，阶级差异模糊化，逐渐形成更为民主的新社会结构。
第二段：
中产阶级结构变化显著。传统以家族产业和自由职业为核心的中产模式衰退，被大型组织中的管理者与专家取代。社会地位更多取决于专业能力而非继承财产，中产阶级规模扩大且定义更复杂。
第三段：
这一变化源于工业技术扩张对专业人才的需求，以及家族企业衰落。新兴中产阶级由高学历的受薪专家组成，他们多来自工程、会计等领域，甚至工人阶层，注重实效且社会背景多元。虽然能通过教育将机会传递给子女，但职位难以世袭。
第四段：
下层阶级结构也更加开放。农村人口大规模涌入城市，工业工人阶级规模停滞，而白领和服务业岗位快速增长。这些新岗位要求更高教育水平，使其更接近中产而非传统工人阶层。
第五段：
欧洲政府通过社会保障改革减少阶级矛盾：完善失业金养老金制度、建立国家医保体系、发放家庭津贴及母婴补助、建设保障房等。这些由富人高税资助的举措提升了民生水平，促进了社会平等。
第六段：
生活水平提高和消费品普及进一步消弭阶级差异。汽车保有量从1948年500万辆增至1965年4400万辆，家电普及率大幅提升。分期付款的推广和社会保障的完善，使普通人更愿意消费信贷购物。
R3
Seashell Artifacts 贝壳文物
第一段：
20世纪60年代，考古学家在保加利亚黑海岸边的瓦尔纳发现了一处史前墓地，距今约6500年。其中一些墓葬中出土了黄金等珍贵材料制成的饰物。最引人注目的是一件用金片修复过的海螺手镯，经鉴定原料为"spiny oyster"海螺，并非来自黑海，而是源自数百英里外的爱琴海温暖水域。科学家通过氧同位素分析证实了其地中海起源。
第二段：
这些海螺制品在欧洲广泛分布，具有极高的象征价值。它们不仅是地位和威望的象征，许多器物表面的磨损痕迹表明曾被长期使用并代代相传。特别值得注意的是，大量海螺制品被故意损坏，考古学家认为这可能是某种仪式行为，或是彰显地位的方式。对手镯碎片的分析显示，断裂的残片通常不会全部随葬，部分可能被分赠他人。
第三段：
学者提出两种解释：一是在葬礼仪式上手镯被故意打碎，部分随葬，部分由亲友保存，以此维系生者与死者之间的联系；二是生者通过共享手镯碎片建立社会纽带。这种现象并非个例，古欧洲还存在其他故意损毁物品的仪式行为。
第四段：
通过试戴实验，考古学家发现完整手镯的尺寸多数无法通过成人手掌，但儿童可以轻松佩戴。这表明古人可能从童年开始佩戴这些手镯，随着身体成长最终无法取下，成为终身佩戴的饰物。
02
听力部分
Conversation
C1:
校园生活对话，与学生求职有关；中间说了那个女生最开始是游泳队的，但是发现自己天赋平平自己老实了继续专心自己的学术，就是software相关。老师给他介绍了一个关于科学史的课程，但是和她时间安排冲突了。后来老师又介绍了一个人教授软件，后来学生同意了。
C2：
学术对话是一个女生说我我来找教授，我很早就把其他任务做了。然后这个女生做了一个研究。教授说，你这个研究最好就是要有一个focus，然后他中途还讲了，教这个女生怎么去做那个研究。最后，还有一个重听题验，那个女生说，还好我找你找得早，然后我就有很多时间可以改我的presentation。
Lecture
L1:
海洋微生物；海面上的微生物和深海的微生物是不一样的，因为它能吸收温室气体。
L2:
有一篇是讲library讲如何保护书籍，光和氧气它都会让书籍受损。然后就，中间还说了一下，美国有一个就是他采取了一个措施，但是他让我说的每一页都受保护，那个非常的昂贵。后面教授又讲其他的保护措施。
L3：
艺术类（无声电影）最开始说是那个有摄像机，摄像机的艺术技术影响到了电影的制作。中途教，教授第一个就去问一个男学生说，
你怎么看待？嗯，就是无声电影。无声电影，嗯，那个男生说他我不是很了解无声电影，他确实挺有趣的，但是说了一些负向的观点。
创造出独特的形式、色彩和质感。他的艺术风格像拼布一样，采用“剪切和粘贴”的技法，成为他的标志性风格。此外，比尔登对音乐，特别是爵士乐非常感兴趣，他的创作过程与爵士乐的即兴演奏类似，充满了创造性和灵感的即兴发挥。
创造出独特的形式、色彩和质感。他的艺术风格像拼布一样，采用“剪切和粘贴”的技法，成为他的标志性风格。此外，比尔登对音乐，特别是爵士乐非常感兴趣，他的创作过程与爵士乐的即兴演奏类似，充满了创造性和灵感的即兴发挥。
03
口语部分
上午场
第一套
TASK 1
Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? lt is easier to be an adult than to be a child.
做一个成年人是否比做一个孩子更容易？
第二套
TASK 1
Some students prefer to take classes with interesting professors who are strict graders, while others prefer to take classes with boring professors who grade more leniently. Which do you prefer?
有趣但是打分严格的教授还是无聊但是给分宽松的教授
第三套
TASK 1
Some people prefer to stay in hotels when they travel, while others prefer to go camping. Which do you prefer and why?
有的人喜欢旅游时晚上住酒店，有的人喜欢出去露营，你喜欢哪个?
下午场
第一套
TASK 1
有些学校提供美术和音乐课，有些学校不开设这些课程。你觉得哪个好然后给出理由
第二套
TASK 1
高工资996还是低工资有假期
第三套
TASK 1
Some students prefer to take classes with interesting professors who are strict graders, while others prefer to take classes with boring professors who grade more leniently. Which do you prefer?
有趣但是打分严格的教授还是无聊但是给分宽松的教授
TASK 2校园题
套题123
[套题1]
announcement说学校决定把arts center中的其中一个剧院改建成教室
1. 两个theatre中的其中一个不常用
2.是一个efficient use of school resources可以cost less
反对
1. art center离center building非常非常远 students need to rush
2. 学校有了art center以后 越来越多的学生很感兴趣 并且dedicated in the practices 以后有越来越多的concert需求 这些教室可能要被改回theatre 很贵
[套题2]
延长选课周期
[套题3]
Remove Murals from Gym
1. Hire people to fix
2. Don't look good
Disagree
1. Let students clean murals, they can treat it as an assignment
2. Murals are old, but they are interesting. Part of history.
TASK 3 学术讲座题
套题123
[套题1]
simplify cause effect.
“simplified cause error”
— ppl mistakenly think there’s only one cause of the event
L: a party with friend(doctor)
讨论why people can live longer now
Friend: 只说了因为doctors developed more healthcares
Pro: 认为还有more nutritions ppl can access
[套题2]
讲了生物的一个行为
猴子例子, 抱团, 模仿另一种动物, 抵御捕食者.
TASK 4 学术讲座题
套题123
[套题1]
Birds’ two adaptations to prevent storms in advance
1. Physical features提前avoid gathering together, find food
e.g 一种鸟可以change ear pressure in advance
2. micro habitat with different climates
e.g 鸟会把一种ever-green plant 当作shelter
[套题2]
心理学, 两个方法
[套题3]
蚂蚁保持自身干净的2种方法
1. 用它的身体部分去保持干净
2. 产生一些化学物质去保持干净
04
写作部分
第一套
综合写作
The reading and listening materials present conflicting views on the primary functions of the narwhal’s tusk. While the reading proposes three possible uses, the lecturer firmly refutes each of these points.
First, the reading suggests that the tusk helps narwhals break through Arctic ice to breathe. However, the speaker challenges this idea by explaining that the tusk is actually quite flexible and could easily bend rather than puncture thick ice. Instead, narwhals take advantage of naturally occurring cracks in the ice to access air. Moreover, they are capable of staying submerged for extended periods, reducing the need to frequently surface for breathing.
Second, the author posits that the tusk is used as a weapon when males compete for territory, analogous to antlers or horns in other species. The lecturer contradicts this by noting that what may appear from a distance as aggressive clashes are actually gentle interactions upon closer observation. Specifically, male narwhals engage in “tusking”—a behavior where they touch each other lightly with their tusks. This action seems to be a form of social communication rather than combat.
Lastly, while the reading argues that the tusk serves as a sensory organ capable of detecting changes in water pressure, temperature, and salinity, the speaker finds this unlikely. She points out that if the tusk were indeed critical for survival, female narwhals—who largely lack tusks—would not be able to thrive. In fact, females often live longer than males, suggesting that the tusk is not essential for sensing environmental conditions or ensuring survival.
学术讨论
Dr. Gupta
With the widespread use of technology, some people believe that long exposure to digital devices will have a bad influence on the brain development of children. Do you think technology has made children less creative than they were in the past? Why?
Andrew
With the rise of screen time and structured activities, children may have less time to engage in imaginative play and exploration, which can limit their opportunities to exercise their creativity.
Claire
By providing access to a vast array of information and resources, technology can expose children to diverse viewpoints, cultures, and experiences that they might not encounter otherwise. This exposure is instrumental in fostering creativity in young minds.
第二套
综合写作
The reading and listening materials present conflicting views on the reasons behind the sudden disappearance of the Anasazi people. While the reading attributes their abandonment of cliff dwellings to warfare, the lecturer firmly refutes this theory, arguing that severe drought offers a more convincing explanation.
First, the reading suggests that the burned ruins of Anasazi settlements, including ritual sites, indicate invasion by enemy tribes. However, the speaker challenges this by proposing that the burning was likely self-inflicted and ritualistic. As the Anasazi voluntarily left their drought-stricken land, they may have symbolically burned their ceremonial grounds to mark their permanent departure and intention to establish new sacred spaces elsewhere.
Second, the author argues that the valuable personal items left behind at the sites suggest that people were killed or forced to flee suddenly from attackers. The lecturer contradicts this by pointing out that in wartime, attackers would typically plunder such goods, yet the possessions were left untouched. In contrast, people migrating voluntarily due to drought would prioritize carrying only essential food and water, logically leaving non-essential valuables behind.
Finally, while the reading proposes that the desirable, water-rich land of the Anasazi attracted invaders, the lecturer offers an alternative interpretation of the same geographical fact. She notes that the large population size, made possible by the abundant water, actually made the Anasazi highly vulnerable to water shortages. A drought would have led to catastrophic food shortages for such a large community, forcing them to abandon their homes in search of new settlements with better resources.
学术讨论
Dr. Achebe
In the next two weeks, we are going to be studying how biological discoveries have affected our lives. Research in biology provides us with a better understanding of how our bodies work. As an introduction to this topic, I would like for you to discuss among yourselves this question: What is the most important thing a person can do to maintain good health? Please explain why you think so.
Claire
I feel very strongly that a good diet is the most important factor in maintaining good health. Eating good, healthy foods, especially green vegetables, gives your body the materials it needs to stay strong. Good nutrition is the key to good health.
Paul
Most people don’t visit the doctor for regular checkups. Sure, if they feel sick, they go, but that’s not enough. During a yearly exam, a physician can help a patient address health issues before they become a larger problem. So I think preventive doctor visits are key to good health.
第三套
综合写作
The reading and listening materials present conflicting views on the effectiveness of single-stream recycling systems. While the reading argues that this method has significant drawbacks, the lecturer firmly refutes each of these points, asserting that the advantages outweigh the potential disadvantages.
First, the reading claims that single-stream recycling poses a danger to workers, particularly when handling broken glass during manual sorting. However, the speaker challenges this argument by explaining that
modern single-stream facilities are highly automated. Advanced machinery, such as specialized crushers and optical sorters, now handles the vast majority of the sorting process, minimizing direct human contact with materials. Furthermore, for the remaining manual tasks, comprehensive safety protocols—including mandatory protective gear, rigorous training, and immediate medical access—effectively reduce the risk of injury to acceptable levels.
Second, the author contends that contamination is a fatal flaw of single-stream recycling, often rendering entire batches of materials unrecyclable. The lecturer counters this by acknowledging that while some contamination does occur, it is offset by a much larger benefit. The convenience of single-stream recycling encourages significantly higher participation rates from households. This leads to a dramatic increase in the total volume of materials collected for recycling, which far outweighs the small percentage that becomes contaminated and must be discarded.
Finally, while the reading emphasizes the high initial investment required to build single-stream facilities, the lecturer provides a different perspective on the economics. She argues that although the startup costs are substantial, the long-term operational expenses are much lower than those of traditional systems. This is because single-stream collection requires only one truck per route to gather all materials, drastically reducing fuel and labor costs. Consequently, after the initial investment is recovered, the overall cost of running the program decreases significantly.
学术讨论
Dr. Diaz
In today's context, there's a growing consensus that education should extend beyond high school and college, encompassing lifelong learning. Imagine you're a student engaging with this topic. Your input is sought on which specific field adults should focus on for ongoing education. Given this perspective, the question to you is: Considering the shift towards lifelong education, which field of study do you believe adults should prioritize for their continuous learning journey?
Andrew:
In my opinion, it's important for adults to have the opportunity to take foreign language classes as part of their lifelong education. Learning a new language can open doors to different cultures, enhance communication skills, and boost career prospects. Plus, it's a way to keep our minds active and engaged throughout our lives. So, I believe offering foreign language courses to adults is a valuable way to support their continuous learning journey.
Claire:
I think art classes should definitely be available to adults as part of lifelong education. Engaging in art allows us to express ourselves, relieve stress, and tap into our creativity. Even if someone didn't have the chance to explore art when they were younger, providing these classes to adults can offer them a way to discover new talents, develop new hobbies, and continue growing personally, no matter their age.
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